lolaraincoat: Gorey drawing of character "Mr. Earbrass" (mr earbrass)
lolaraincoat ([personal profile] lolaraincoat) wrote2012-06-13 01:41 pm
Entry tags:

What would surprise Captain America?

I've been reading a lot of Avengers fics - there's been a lot to read - and I've been liking many of these fics quite a lot. Except that there's this one thing that's driving me crazy, so crazy that I keep having to back-button out of perfectly good fics before Nick Fury and the Hulk can even begin to get their freak on, which is kind of tragic. So in case you were thinking of writing anything in the Marvel-verse ever, and you were hoping to avoid me making sad puppy-eyes face, please, please, please consider this question carefully:


What would surprise Captain America in 2012?

See, people keep writing (and reccing!) stories in which eternally-27-year-old Steve Rogers, who is thawed out in 2012 after having been frozen in Arctic ice since 1945, is shocked by this crazy modern world. It's kind of irresistible as a plot point, to be fair. I just wish people writing these fics did not show such a profound lack of imagination in picking which aspects of this crazy modern world would horrify him. So far what amazes and/or upsets Captain America in fics I've read has been:

* sexy dancing by scantily clad teenagers to unfamiliar loud music
* sex
* premarital sex
* homosexual sex
* marriage equality
* computers

Computers as consumer goods, I agree, are pretty new and different. But when thinking about what might shock Captain America, writers should remember that World War Two, like all the big wars since 1850 or so, gave a huge impetus to technology, and even an ordinary soldier would have seen rapid change in information technology over the course of the war. Presumably the guy who got shot up with the top-secret super-soldier serum would have been around a lot more rapid technological change: radar, early computing (Alan Turing, who invented the Turing test, spent World War Two pioneering decryption software, remember), the first glimmerings of television (though not broadcast), the first antibiotics ...

So it's not so much that computers would shock the defrosted Captain because of their newness, I think. They might shock him because they are the latest development of the flowering of consumer culture in the postwar decades. So I'm not sure they would shock him more than disposable plastic sporks or drive-through Starbucks. Bear in mind that he grew up in the Great Depression: throwing stuff out would be very hard for him; being surrounded by objects which were made in order to be thrown out might astonish him.

As to sex: every generation imagines that they invented it, and every generation is wrong. But if you're thinking of World War Two as part of the vast, undifferentiated Time Before Sex Was Invented, you are extra-wrong with wrong on top and a side order of really, really wrong.. World War Two was, besides everything else it was, an occasion for lots of young (mostly) healthy (mostly) people to get out into the world and meet a whole bunch of interesting strangers. They danced sexily to loud music (I know the Glenn Miller Orchestra doesn't sound that way to us, but imagine all those brass and wind and percussion instruments playing as loud as they could in a ballroom. It was loud.) So they danced in ways that revealed their underwear to the world, and then they had sex. That's why the military produced all those interesting vintage posters warning about the dangers of attractive spies and also VD. That's why the invention of penicillin mattered to the war effort. That's why the Baby Boom. During the war, Americans made funny movies about all the sex people were having - Miracle at Morgan's Creek for instance - and a decade later some of them told Alfred Kinsey all about it.

As Kinsey discovered, some of the sex people were having during the war was with people of the same sex. In fact, Alan Berube mades clear in Coming Out Under Fire that gay men and lesbians in the military faced very little official trouble until after the war was over - at which point they faced terrible discrimination indeed. But Captain America would have been under the ice by that point. The world he left was full of unmarried people having all kinds of sex with relatively few consequences except pregnancy (and yes, birth control existed before the Pill) and venereal disease. So to me, fics depicting Captain America as a prude or a homophobe need to explain how he came to be so out of step with his own time. Or writers who want a prudish Captain America could show him as having gone into the ice in the 1950s - a much more buttoned-down time.

Marriage equality is a new thing in the world, yes, but like all new things it has historical antecedents. Communities of men who prefer sex with other men can be found in the historical record pretty much in any city in the world across the past two centuries at least, and gay liberation was an idea if not a political movement as early as the 1880s in parts of Europe. For Steve Rogers' home town, Brooklyn, fic writers might want to consult George Chauncey's terrific book Gay New York, which includes a brief account of a marriage ceremony - not a legel one, to be sure - between two men in Brooklyn in the 1920s. So while Steve Rogers might find marriage equality surprising, I very much doubt it would be on the top of his list of astonishments.

So, not sex and not computers, then. What would surprise Captain America?

Nick Fury. Nick Fury as played by Samuel Jackson, anyway. Remember that the US military was racially segregated during World War Two (yes I know that Captain America supposedly fought in an integrated unit, but all that tells us is that the guys who wrote the script for that movie know just as much history as the average fangirl, or maybe a little less) and that the biggest argument for maintaining segregation was that white guys could not possibly be led into battle by non-white guys. So to wake up to find Nick Fury as his commanding officer - I'm not saying that Steve Rogers would be upset, necessarily, but he would be very, very surprised.

And, more broadly, racial integration generally would shock him. Steve Rogers did grow up in a place and time where marriage was very strictly regulated: marriage between people of two separate races was illegal almost everywhere in the United States until 1962. I don't know if he grew up with separate drinking fountains and segregated public transportation - but if I were writing fic about Captain America waking up in 2012, I would do some serious googling about segregation in New York City. Did he attend segregated schools? That seems likely.

Maria Hill would probably shock him, too. While women were part of the military during the Second World War, they served in separate, auxiliary branches - and similarly to the segregated units in which non-white Americans served, that was to prevent any woman ever from having military authority over any man. Again, thinking more generally, he would not be surprised at all to see women working, but to see women in professional positions would be something very new to him. Pepper Potts would make sense to him as a secretary, but not as a CEO. He would have seen lots of women nurses, but no women doctors. No women scientists, either, so he would be surprised to meet Jane Foster.

Two other big surprises:

Changes in social class in America. As I already said, the rise of the middle class and all the material cultural surrounding it - suburbs! dixie cups! - was pretty much a post-war phenomenon. So was the collapse of the labor movement. In the neighborhood where Steve Rogers grew up, nearly all employed adult men would have belonged to a union. He didn't have a union, because he was a soldier, but he will be surprised to find that most of the guys working on rebuilding New York after it got Loki'd are not union members. Oh, and before World War Two, very few Americans went to college - he'll be impressed to keep meeting all these educated people.

And finally, geopolitical change. Probably the biggest shock would be that Europe is now united (sort of) and that Germany and France are now closely allied. Slightly less shocking, because anyone who was paying attention could see this looming over the horizon throughout the war, would be the bitter division between the US and Russia (though he might need the whole Cold War explained to him, several times, with emphasis on the bomb. Or should I say, The Bomb.) But also he would be amazed by the end of British imperialism. And the Chinese Revolution! The Iranian revolution! African decolonization and the end of apartheid! The Cuban Revolution! India and Pakistan and

... yeah, anyway, there's a lot for him to catch up on.

But not sex. Really there's not too much new there at all.



ETA: Wow, that's ... a lot ... of comments. I'm glad you're here and will try to respond eventually, but no promises. In the meantime, if you are thinking about commenting here, please read this first. Thank you!




*****
azurelunatic: Vivid pink Alaskan wild rose. (Default)

[personal profile] azurelunatic 2012-06-17 12:29 am (UTC)(link)
I would very much love to read a fic wherein Cap looks curiously at Tony's shirt, Tony says something that's intended to be helpful, like "They're a rock & roll band"; Steve does not look less confused, Tony realizes that no-one's briefed Steve on *music* of all things, and has JARVIS help him put together a presentation to help Steve get up to speed.

(This may or may not have anything to do with the fact that my high school American History teacher declared that we were going to do ~1920-1990 through music.)
kate_nepveu: book with "LEX" inscribed on it, carved in bronze (law book)

[personal profile] kate_nepveu 2012-06-17 02:00 am (UTC)(link)
The amicus brief you mention can be found here: http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/briefs/02-102/02-102.mer.ami.hist.pdf

The other briefs in the case are listed here http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/docket/2002/march.html (scroll down), in case any of them are relevant to people's interests.
kate_nepveu: sleeping cat carved in brown wood (Default)

[personal profile] kate_nepveu 2012-06-17 02:07 am (UTC)(link)
I'd like to claim that it needed my super-professional lawyer skillz to find, but honestly, it was just Google. But I would have used them if I had to! =>
spatz: Steve bent over a notebook, sketching (Steve drawing)

[personal profile] spatz 2012-06-17 02:20 am (UTC)(link)
I love playing the Steve Rogers culture shock game! I think he'd actually find the technology (hey, he'd already seen flying cars and fought with ray guns and got supersized by science) and people's crazy clothing and so on *easier* to handle than the familiar things, because it's so different that he can separate them from his expectations, and he had the experience of traveling all over the US *and* Europe. It's almost be worse for him in New York, with the city still somewhat recognizable in parts from his day - very uncanny valley, except with architecture. Fandom has pop culture and technology pretty well covered (because write what you know, I guess *g*), but what about how newspaper comics are so tiny now? Plane travel being an everyday thing. Velcro and the noise it makes. Credit cards existing, and hard currency looking different. The completely different set of instruments used in popular music (this changed with the shift of live music to recorded music, and the limits of the tech at the time). Ziploc bags. Automatic transmissions. And that's just off the top of my head. [personal profile] sam_storyteller's fic A Partial Dictionary Of The 21st Century has some great ones, like the changes in the Catholic Church.

And that's not even getting into Depression culture shock, going from that level of scarcity to today's supermarkets and so on. I remember my sister telling me she got back from Ghana after an internship and nearly broke down over the 14 million types of bread at the supermarket. My grandmother grew up in the Depression and *still* shows signs of it, and she's had 70 years to adjust. I bet that the homeless presence in New York is significantly different from his experiences, too.

I do want to take a moment and talk about a pet peeve of mine in Steve characterization, which is that just because something is new to him or different than what he knows does *not* mean that he is uncomfortable or a dick about it. He's not going to react in panic to Jarvis; he's going to ask questions. He might make dated assumptions, but he's going to react positively to progress (there's a great scene in Captain America: Man Out of Time where he assumes a woman is a nurse rather than a doctor, and is all "hey, that's awesome!" when she corrects him. ♥). Steve is a curious guy who loaded his suitcase full of books before he went to basic training, an intelligent fighter who has adapted tactics on the fly for fighting both ray guns *and* aliens. While he can be insanely stubborn and opinionated, he has a flexible mind and a good heart.

Anyway. /ranting
hradzka: Cassidy, from Garth Ennis's PREACHER. (Default)

[personal profile] hradzka 2012-06-17 04:01 am (UTC)(link)
Steve would be very surprised that women wear pants in public places *and nobody notices.*

Marijane Meaker's HIGHSMITH: A ROMANCE OF THE 1950s is an excellent resource for learning what NYC was like for gay women in the 50s, which is past Steve's time but still far enough back to make it a distant planet. Meaker writes about her relationship with the novelist Patricia Highsmith (author of STRANGERS ON A TRAIN and THE TALENTED MR. RIPLEY, among many others), and one of the things that struck me most was that they had to make their lunch dates depending on their clothing, because there were restaurants that refused to serve women who were wearing pants.
spatz: bare feet kicked up, beach in background (beach kicky feet)

[personal profile] spatz 2012-06-17 05:09 am (UTC)(link)
Well, he is in that fic; I don't *think* he's canonically anything - vaguely Christian if it's mentioned at all, like in the movie. But IIRC, his parents were canonically Irish immigrants and therefore high-probability Catholics, which is why it's entered fanon.

Thank you! Also, ooh, followup post! I had a few thoughts, which I'll put over there for clarity's sake.
todeskun: (metaphysics)

Here via...petra, I think

[personal profile] todeskun 2012-06-17 07:17 pm (UTC)(link)
If you want to have even more research!fail on the part of the Cap's integrated unit, you need only consider Jim Morita, the nisei soldier from Fresno, CA. Given the timeframe (1942/43) Jim would have to have belonged to the 100th Infantry Battalion, which was (a) composed primarily of members of the Hawaii National Guard and (b) deployed in North Africa/Italy during the early parts of American involvement in the war. So, you know. Not in Germany, not from Fresno. (I'm actually Chinese-American, but the Japanese-American experience during WWII is relevant to my interests.)

I think one thing that would actually shock Steve Rogers would be the change in attitude towards the Chinese and the Japanese. At the time he became a capsicle, the Japanese were still a serious military threat while the Chinese were considered our friends and victims of Japanese aggression (e.g., the rape of Nanking) -- there were even propaganda posters printed out (I can't remember the book I saw this in so I can't cite my source, unfortunately) that purported to teach the American populace how to visually differentiate the Japanese from the Chinese. As a contemporary (if non-American) pop-culture source, consider how the Chinese and Japanese are portrayed in the Tintin comic Adventures of the Blue Lotus (published in both 1936 and 1946 per Wikipedia). I think Steve would be rather bemused to see a reversal of public sentiment regarding the Japanese and Chinese.

On a non-Avengers related note, thank you for this post! I mostly write in a historical fandom as well, but the canon is set in the Wild West (1870 or thereabouts) and I often have moments of extreme angst over the gross inaccuracies in canon regarding cultural mores and ideals as well as in fic. And I'm not even a proper historian!
wordwitch: Woman in a shift, reading on a couch (Default)

Re: Hats!

[personal profile] wordwitch 2012-06-17 10:37 pm (UTC)(link)
When did women stop wearing hats outside?
melannen: Commander Valentine of Alpha Squad Seven, a red-haired female Nick Fury in space, smoking contemplatively (Default)

[personal profile] melannen 2012-06-18 02:05 am (UTC)(link)
Thank you so much for this! I'm sorry it took me so long to get back here, but it's a con weekend and been crazy, and this is a wonderful list to go with.

Also, do you mind if I link this (the reading list in particular) to [community profile] cap_chronism, the new comm devoted to Captain America history resources, (or very strongly encourage you to join there and do it yourself? :)
melannen: Commander Valentine of Alpha Squad Seven, a red-haired female Nick Fury in space, smoking contemplatively (Default)

[personal profile] melannen 2012-06-18 02:11 am (UTC)(link)
I definitely agree with this. Although that doesn't necessarily mean he would be comfortable with it, but as I was saying to some people at con-txt, I have this vision of him sitting around with Tony and Thor and Clint as they tell their stories of wild sex and drunken mishap, and going "Haven't done that, but had to retrieve Bucky from the middle of it... haven't done that, but Bucky did it while I was pretending to be asleep in the same room... haven't done that, but had to post bail after Bucky did that... haven't done that, but your dad destroyed half his lab while doing it and I had to dig through the discarded underwear to find my repaired body armor the next morning," etc.

(and then he and Pepper have a bonding session, of course.)
wordwitch: Princess Cimorene carries a dragon-sized piece of china. (Cimorene)

Non-white troops in Europe when Steve was there

[personal profile] wordwitch 2012-06-18 02:16 am (UTC)(link)
I have read this with a great deal of interest. I was mindful that Sgt. Fury was an iconoclast of the first water; that Happy Sawyer was simultaneously frustrated with and supportive of him; that the rest of the Army (top to bottom) was both derisive and fearful of the Howlers; and that there was The Army Way and then there were special teams.

Now, what we need to remember was that Bucky was captured and imprisoned in Italy, as were the others whom Steve freed with him.

By the end of September, 1943, the first (Hawaiian) Nisei troops of the 100th Regiment had landed in Italy and were wreaking bloody havoc.

At the beginning of February, 1943, Roosevelt called for an all-Nisei regiment from both the islands and the mainland: the 442nd. As is universally true, there were rivalries between one geographical unit and the other: the mainlanders called the Hawaiians "buddhaheads," or pig-headed; the islanders returned the favor calling them "kotonks" or stoneheads. Typical military thing, then; stupidly stubborn, the lot of them.

The 442nd then resupplied the rapidly-contracting 100th with men through the remainder of the war.

Jim Morito could certainly have come from Fresno at any time after May 1943.

Please note: the 100th had an insane Korean-American commanding officer: Lieutenant Young Oak Kim.

Now to Gabriel Jones. According to the comics, Gabe was born and raised in New York City, where he learned jazz from the Harlem greats. According to the movie, he had been educated at Howard University. HU is in Washington, DC, and it would actually have been possible for Gabe to have come to the attention of someone of influence there, to get him into some sort of special service before the Buffalo soldiers arrived in Italy in July of 1944.

It was 1943 when Bucky was captured and Steve threw off the shackles of entertainment for his true calling. Bucky was in the 107th Infantry Division, which was in fact only an on-paper division during WWII and was never actually organized.

It was, with the 105th Division, supposed to be a Negro Formation.

This instantly tosses us into even more of an alternate universe than the mere presence of vibranium and vita-rays and visitors from theolegendary realms.

With the presence of the 107th Infantry in Italy in 1943, we now have the opportunity to believe that it was found to be needed and was able to be filled, neither of which were true in our history.

Further, we have the opportunity to believe that it was patchworked together from Nisei, Buffalo, and white battalions, each with its own officers, but working together - sometimes (as did happen later) in the same fields of combat, fighting together, rescuing each other, dropping their preconceptions left, right, and rear as they found each other worthy of trust.

Really. It isn't too far of a stretch.

Pictures of African American Army men in WWII
History of the Nisei troops in WWII
Divisions of the United States Army
melannen: Commander Valentine of Alpha Squad Seven, a red-haired female Nick Fury in space, smoking contemplatively (Default)

[personal profile] melannen 2012-06-18 02:22 am (UTC)(link)
I am all for Steve/Chorus Girls! I did mention in my original comment that I'd buy that in fic. PLEASE MORE FIC YES. But I do think that canon wants us to believe he was still saving himself - they carried through the "waiting for the right partner" coding all the way to the end of the movie.

And speaking as a virgin older than Steve who's had plenty of opportunity in a permissive environment, it isn't all *that* unlikely. Also chorus girls aren't necessarily sexually available just due to being chorus girls - from my reading about chorus girls in slightly earlier eras, anyway, even the more promiscuous of them likely had steady if short-term boyfriends who made substantial financial contributions to their welfare, and even if they were willing to cheat, Steve wouldn't've been.

Which isn't to say I find it entirely unlikely! But I do think the canon argument is at least as strong for virgin.

Have you read Practical Mathematics by [personal profile] grey_bard, wherein Steve and the chorus girls did pretty much everything *but* vanilla PIV, because they were being careful about pregnancy, and therefore he still considers himself an inexperienced virgin, much to Tony's despair? Can we meet in the middle and accept that fic as canon? :)
gloss: woman in front of birch tree looking to the right (Gabe and Peggy: second lives)

[personal profile] gloss 2012-06-18 03:31 am (UTC)(link)
This is a fantastic post! I spent a large proportion of my fannish history to date thinking about Steve and Bucky and Fury and Gabe and Peggy in the 1940s, so it's great to know that I wasn't foolish. :) I'm especially cheered by your emphasis on the various homosexualities possible, because I'm so easily annoyed by the facile meme that Stonewall invented being out.

One thing about racial segregation in NYC - not to minimize institutional (and personal) racism, but public schools in the state were officially desegregated in 1910 by statute.

In the neighborhood where Steve Rogers grew up, nearly all employed adult men would have belonged to a union. He didn't have a union, because he was a soldier
I think learning about the Taft-Hartley Act would break his heart, absolutely. And while as a soldier he wouldn't have had a union, as an artist before the world, many comic writers have him working for the WPA and I like to imagine him trying to join/belonging to the Artists' Union.
gloss: sea princess leaning into toward sexy lady (Namora likes the ladies)

[personal profile] gloss 2012-06-18 03:49 am (UTC)(link)
(Just a note: Jane Rule wasn't a pseudonym.)

(Sorry. I love her.)
kabal42: Steve Rogers aka Captain America (Comics - Avengers - Steve)

[personal profile] kabal42 2012-06-18 11:28 am (UTC)(link)
Just adding that in comic canon he's the son of Irish Catholic immigrants. So there, at least, he is. (Great source: marvel.wikia.com. )
kabal42: Steve Rogers aka Captain America (Comics - Avengers - Steve)

[personal profile] kabal42 2012-06-18 11:30 am (UTC)(link)
Just popping in to say YAY for this post! Not a historian (I did minor in it, but still), but writing fic with Steve and getting at least some historical things right matters to me. Especially as a non-USian, this is a great resource. Thanks.
melannen: Commander Valentine of Alpha Squad Seven, a red-haired female Nick Fury in space, smoking contemplatively (Default)

[personal profile] melannen 2012-06-18 06:19 pm (UTC)(link)
Oh, a round-up post would be amazing, thank you! (Also I have acquired a copy of Gay New York now, *snuggles it*.)

And yeah, I watched this post get more and more links and comments while I was too busy to particpate, and went "oh crap, I have first comment over there, and I bet I said a bunch of stuff that was wrong, aaaugh". I can only imagine how it felt for you.

You are one of the people who deserves wider readership when you do come out of lurk, though, so yay. :P
grey_bard: (Default)

[personal profile] grey_bard 2012-06-18 06:36 pm (UTC)(link)
According to a conversation I had yesterday with [personal profile] elspethdixon, who specialized in post-Civil War Southern history in college, she did a lot of looking into patterns of segregation in the US and in New York City they did not, in fact, have segregated public drinking fountains. Or officially segregated public anything. Unofficial or private segregation might be a different matter, but... Make of this what you will.

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